By Spaceweather.com, 08/25/2015
STILL WAITING FOR CMEs: A pair of CMEs expected to reach Earth on Aug. 24th did not arrive on time. This means they are slower and less potent than previously thought. NOAA forecasters have downgraded the chance of a G1-classgeomagnetic storm on Aug. 25th to 35%. Aurora alerts: text or voice
ON THE OTHER HAND, WHO NEEDS CMEs? Even without the impact of a CME, Earth’s magnetic field was unsettled enough on Aug. 24th to create a spectacular display of auroras over the south pole. Liu Yang sends this picture from the China’s Zhongshan Station in Antarctica:
“A giant green spiral expanded from north to south, which is always seen at the polar boundary of the auroral belt,” says Yang. “It was a strong display.”
The source of the display was a solar wind stream, which has been buffeting Earth’s magnetic field ahead of the incoming CMEs. For more photos from around the world, stay tuned to the realtime aurora gallery:
HUGE SUNSPOT FACES EARTH: Yesterday, sunspot AR2403 was huge. Today it is 25% bigger. Philippe Tosi photographed the growing active region from his backyard observatory in Nîmes, France. Scroll down and behold almost 200,000 km of dark magnetism:
Tosi inserted a picture of Earth for scale. The primary cores of AR2403 are as large as our entire planet. These dimensions make it an easy target for backyard solar telescopes.
Moreover, AR2403 has a ‘beta-gamma-delta’ magnetic field that harbors energy for strong explosions. NOAA forecasters estimates a 65% chance of M-class solar flares and a 10% chance of X-flares on Aug. 25th. Any eruptions will almost surely be geoeffective. Aurora alerts: text or voice
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
SPACE YEAST SURVIVE AND MUTATE: Yeast and people have a lot in common. About 1/3rd of our DNA is the same. Indeed, the DNA of yeast is so similar to that of humans, yeast can actually live with human genes spliced into their genetic code. This is why Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus have been flying yeast to the edge of space. Understanding how the microbes respond to cosmic rays could tell us how human cells respond as well. Here are three strains of yeast (one per test tube) flying 113,936 feet above Earth’s surface on August 15th:
The student in the picture is Joey, a high school senior, hitching a ride to the stratosphere along with the yeast. Joey and other members of the student research team are busy measuring growth curves and mutation rates for the space-traveling yeast.
One result is already clear: Yeast are incredibly tough. En route to the stratosphere they were frozen solid at temperatures as low as -63C, and they experienced dose rates of ionizing radiation 100x Earth normal. Survival rates in some of the returning samples were close to 100%.
Photo-micrographs show that yeast mutates in the stratosphere. This image, for instance, shows a colony of white mutants alongside the normal red colonies ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (HA2):
In addition to the white mutation shown above, the students have also observedpetite mutants, which are a sign of changes in the cells’ mitochondrial genome. These changes are of interest to space biologists because the DNA repair mechanisms of yeast are remarkably similar to those of human beings. In particular, proteins encoded by yeast RAD genes are closely related to proteins used by human cells to undo radiation damage.
Another flight of the yeast is scheduled for this Wednesday, Aug. 26th. What mutants will emerge this time? Stay tuned!
HEY THANKS: The students wish to say thanks to Dan Salkovitz, who sponsored the August 15th balloon flight. In exchange for his generous donation of $500, they flew Dan himself to the edge of space:
Readers, if you would like to sponsor an upcoming student research flight, and see your favorite picture flown to the stratosphere, please contact Dr. Tony Phillips to make arrangements.
All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth’s atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Aug. 25, 2015, the network reported 131 fireballs.
(130 sporadics, 1)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point–Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On August 25, 2015 there were potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Size
2015 QH3
Aug 21
4.4 LD
18 m
2015 QS8
Aug 22
5 LD
19 m
2015 QT3
Aug 28
4.2 LD
73 m
2015 PT227
Aug 29
9.7 LD
69 m
2004 BO41
Aug 31
57.3 LD
1.2 km
1991 CS
Sep 4
62.1 LD
1.4 km
2014 KS76
Sep 14
8.7 LD
22 m
2004 TR12
Sep 15
58.8 LD
1.0 km
2000 FL10
Oct 10
65.7 LD
1.9 km
2011 QD48
Oct 17
67.5 LD
1.0 km
2014 UR
Oct 18
3.8 LD
21 m
2011 SE97
Oct 18
12 LD
50 m
2001 UY4
Oct 21
58.2 LD
1.0 km
Notes: LD means “Lunar Distance.” 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
Current Conditions
Solar wind
speed: 399.5 km/sec
density: 3.9 protons/cm3
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 1448 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2 0803 UT Aug25
24-hr: C4 0631 UT Aug25
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 1400 UT
Daily Sun: 25 Aug 15
Sunspot AR2403 has a ‘beta-gamma-delta’ magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI
Sunspot number: 71
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 25 Aug 2015
Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
Updated 25 Aug 2015
The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 128 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 25 Aug 2015
Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3 quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.5 nT
Bz: 2.6 nT south
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 1448 UT
Coronal Holes: 25 Aug 15
Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on Aug. 25. Credit: SDO/AIA.
Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs is underway–but not for much longer. According to NASA’s AIM spacecraft, noctilucent clouds are waning as August comes to a close.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated at: 08-23-2015 16:55:02
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2015 Aug 24 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
65 %
60 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2015 Aug 24 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
25 %
25 %
MINOR
10 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
25 %
30 %
SEVERE
35 %
30 %
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